NEWS
If you have a standard UK driving licence (Category B), you might be considering driving a van for personal or professional reasons. While your licence covers basic car driving, understanding the additional requirements and categories related to van driving can help you stay compliant and ensure road safety.
The UK driving licence system is designed to ensure that drivers have the necessary skills and knowledge to operate different types of vehicles safely. Each category of the driving licence corresponds to a specific type of vehicle, and many of these categories require additional tests beyond the standard UK driving test. Here is an overview of these categories.
A standard Category B driving licence allows you to drive:
Cars
Vehicles up to 3,500kg Maximum Authorised Mass (MAM) with up to 8 passenger seats.
Vans
Any van within the 3,500kg MAM limit, which includes most light commercial vehicles typically used for deliveries or small business operations.
Towing
There have been several changes to the rules over the years. To tow larger trailers this used to require a separate category BE driving test (used to be known as B+E), however the need for this test was withdrawn in December 2021.
The current rules are as follows – some depend upon when you obtained your category B driving licence:
Notes
Considering the recent licensing/testing changes, the DVSA advises drivers to obtain training before towing for the first time.
For further advice on towing please see Towing with a car: What you can tow - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
When driving larger vans or towing heavier trailers, the following categories and additional tests are required:
Category C1 (Medium-Sized Goods Vehicles):
Allows driving vehicles between 3,500kg and 7,500kg MAM.
Requires passing a separate theory test and practical driving test.
Minimum age: 18.
Category C1E:
Permits driving Category C1 vehicles with a trailer over 750kg, provided the combined mass does not exceed 12,000kg.
Requires an additional practical test.
Requires holding a Category C1 licence first.
Driving a van involves more than just having the correct licence. Here are some practical considerations to keep in mind:
Load Management
Ensuring your van’s load is within legal mass limits is critical. Overloading can lead to fines, increased wear on the vehicle, and significant safety hazards. Always check the vehicle’s MAM (and axle mass limits) and ensure you are compliant with the regulations. The limits include the mass of the van, driver, passengers and fuel, as well as any goods or load you are carrying.
For vans without a bulkhead between the cab and cargo areas, make sure your load is secured properly. Distribute your load evenly and put the heaviest items at the bottom.
Insurance
Verify that your insurance policy covers van driving, especially if you are using the van for commercial purposes. Commercial van insurance often differs from standard car insurance and can provide additional coverage necessary for business operations.
Speed Limits
Be aware that speed limits for vans are often lower than for cars, especially on dual carriageways and motorways. Adhering to these speed limits is essential for safety and avoiding penalties.
<p><style type="text/css">.table_component{overflow:auto;width:100%}.table_component table{border:1px solid #dededf;height:500px;width:100%;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;text-align:center}.table_component caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left}.table_component th{border:1px solid #dededf;background-color:#eceff1;color:#000;padding:5px}.table_component td{border:1px solid #dededf;background-color:#fff;color:#000;padding:5px}</style></p><div class="table_component" role="region" tabindex="0"><table><caption> </caption><thead><tr><th>Type Of Vehicle</th><th>Built-Up Areas (mph)</th><th>Single Carriageways (mph)</th><th>Dual Carriageways (mph)</th><th>Motorways (mph)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Cars, motorcycles, car-derived vans and dual-purpose vehicles</td><td>30</td><td>60</td><td>70</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">Goods vehicles (not more than 7.5 tonnes maximum laden weight)</span></p></td><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td><p><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;"></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">Goods vehicles (more than 7.5 tonnes maximum laden weight)</span></p></td><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">All cars, buses and goods vehicles when towing caravans or trailers</span></td><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Motorhomes or motor caravans (not more than 3.05 tonnes maximum unladen weight)</td><td>30</td><td>60</td><td>70</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Motorhomes or motor caravans (more than 3.05 tonnes maximum unladen weight)</td><td>30</td><td>60</td><td>70</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Buses, coaches and minibuses (not more than 12 metres overall length)</td><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">Buses, coaches and minibuses (more than 12 metres overall length)</td><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>60</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
These are only for England. There are a few differences if you are driving in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. For further advice on speed limits please see UK GOV Speed Limits.
Driving Hours
Goods Vehicle Operator Licence
Driver CPC
A Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) is a qualification required for professional lorry, bus, and coach drivers in the UK and EU. It ensures that drivers have the necessary skills and knowledge to drive safely and professionally. To obtain it, new drivers must pass an initial test, and all drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years to maintain their certification. Certain drivers, such as those operating vehicles for non-commercial purposes, may be exempt. CPC is not currently required for driving light commercial vehicles (vans) in the UK. The Driver CPC aims to enhance road safety and driving standards. For further guidance: Become a qualified heavy goods vehicle (HGV) or bus driver: Getting qualified - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk).
If you need to drive a larger van or tow a heavier trailer, upgrading your licence involves several steps. Here’s what you need to do:
Apply for a Provisional Licence
For the new category you wish to add, you first need to apply for a provisional licence. This process typically involves submitting an application and undergoing a medical examination to ensure you meet the physical requirements for driving larger vehicles.
Pass a Medical Exam
For categories such as C1 and above, a medical exam is required. This exam assesses your overall health, including vision, to ensure you can safely operate larger vehicles.
Complete the Theory Test
The theory test for additional categories includes multiple-choice questions specific to larger vehicles and a hazard perception component. This test ensures you understand the rules and safety considerations associated with driving larger vans and trailers.
Undergo Training
Consider professional training to prepare for the practical test. Training with an instructor who specialises in larger vehicles can provide valuable insights and help you develop the necessary skills.
Pass the Practical Test
The practical test assesses your ability to handle the larger vehicle safely. It includes vehicle checks, on-road driving in various traffic conditions, and specific manoeuvres such as reversing with a trailer.
Resources for Upgrading Your Licence
Staying informed about the requirements and processes for upgrading your licence is crucial.
GOV.UK: The official UK government website provides detailed information on driving licence categories and how to apply for additional tests. Visit Adding categories to your driving licence - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) for more information.
If you are not a van driver or just want to know what all the categories mean on the back of your standard UK Driving Licence, below is an overview of these categories:
Category A: Mopeds & Motorcycles
AM: Covers two and three-wheeled vehicles without pedals, with a maximum design speed of over 25km/h but not more than 45km/h. This category includes light quadbikes - mass in running order must be no more than 425kg, and a maximum design speed between 25 and 45km/h. Requires compulsory basic training, a separate theory and practical test. Minimum age: 16.
P: Two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed between 45km/h and 50km/h. The engine size must be no more that 50cc.
q: Includes two and three-wheeled vehicles without pedals, with a maximum design speed of 25km/h and an engine size no more than 50cc.
A1: For motorbikes with an engine size up to 125cc and a power output up to 11kw, and motor tricycles with a power output up to 15kW. Requires compulsory basic training*, a separate theory* and practical test (*unless upgrading from AM). Minimum age: 17.
A2: For motorbikes with a power output up to 35kW, and motor tricycles with a power output up to 15kW. Requires compulsory basic training*, a separate theory* and practical test (*unless upgrading from AM or A1). Minimum age: 19.
A: For motorbikes and motor tricycles with any power output. Requires compulsory basic training*, a separate theory* and practical test (*unless upgrading from AM, A1 or A2). Minimum age: 24 (or 2 years after being issued a category A2 licence).
Category B: Light Vehicles, Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles (Vans)
B1: Motor vehicles with 4 wheels, up to 400kg unladen or 550kg if designed for carrying goods – e.g. quad bikes
B: Vehicles up to 3,500kg maximum authorised mass (MAM) with up to 8 passenger seats.
BE: Vehicles up to 3,500kg MAM with a larger trailer.
Category C: Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV)
C1: For goods carrying vehicles between 3,500 and 7,500kg MAM (with a trailer up to 750kg). Minimum age: 18.
C: Any goods carrying vehicles over 3,500kg MAM (with a trailer up to 750kg). Requires passing a theory test and a practical test. Minimum age: 21.
C1E: For C1 vehicles with a trailer over 750kg. Requires an additional practical test. The combined MAM of both cannot exceed 12,000kg.
CE: For C vehicles with a trailer over 750kg. Requires an additional practical test.
Category D: Buses & Minibuses
D1 (Minibuses): Passenger carrying vehicles with 9-16 passenger seats, up to 8m long and optionally towing a trailer up to 750kg. Requires passing a theory test and a practical test. Minimum age: 21.
D (Buses): Any passenger carrying vehicle with more that 8 passenger seats, optionally towing a trailer up to 750kg. Requires passing a theory test and a practical test. Minimum age: 24.
D1E: For D1 vehicles with a trailer over 750kg. Requires an additional practical test.
DE: For D vehicles with a trailer over 750kg. Requires an additional practical test.
Additional Categories
Several other categories cover specialised vehicles, often used in specific industries:
Category f (Agricultural Tractors):
No additional test if you hold a full Category B licence.
Category G (Road Rollers):
Requires a separate practical test.
Category H (Tracked Vehicles):
Requires a separate practical test.
Category k (Mowing Machines):
No additional test required if you hold a full Category B licence.
Category l (Electrically Propelled Vehicles):
No additional test required if you hold a full Category B licence.
Category M (Trolleys):
No additional test required if you hold a full Category B licence.
Driving licences often have additional codes. These represent additional information (e.g. being on the organ donation register = 115), but some are restrictions (e.g. driver needs to use glasses or contact lenses when driving = 01 or driver is restricted to vehicles with an automatic transmission =78)
For a full list of codes, visit Driving licence codes - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
Navigating the complexities of UK driving licence categories and understanding when additional tests are required can seem daunting, but it’s essential for ensuring legal compliance and road safety. Regularly checking for updates on the official UK government website can help you stay informed.
Driving a van with a standard UK driving licence (Category B) covers most light vans, but understanding the limitations and knowing when you need to upgrade your licence is crucial. Whether you're transporting goods for personal use, running a small business, or considering a career that involves driving larger vehicles, this guide provides the necessary information to ensure you drive legally and safely. By staying informed, seeking appropriate training, and obtaining the required licences, you can confidently and competently navigate the roads in a van or larger vehicle.
NB. All information in this post was believed to be accurate at the date of creation but could have changed. Please make sure you have researched any recent changes thoroughly.
For further guidance about all matters when driving a van please see Driving a van - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
